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A comprehensive book MANAGEMENT, NUTRITION AND BIOSECURITY ......................... 2 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................
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EDS virus strain 127 did not induce clinical signs or gross lesions in susceptible chicks of various age groups and in adult cocks. Virus persistence in various inter
Continue readingBovine Med
Understand future demands for food production and the need for sustainability. Appreciate the global impact of bovine production. Be aware of the opportunities for mit
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Plasma membrane energy-dependent Na++ pump - Na++ accumulates intracellularly K+ diffuses out of the cell osmotic pull ? cell swelling 2. Cellular energy metabolis
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Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a major cause of economic losses in the poultry industry. Vaccination in order to reduce the detrimental effect, cannot prevent s
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Composting and biomass management (of crop residues and/or manure) are fundamental for nutrient and water-holding capacity and healthy soil life. Cover crops and mulch ke
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Acceptable risk: The risk that is considered acceptable and allows work to proceed bearing in mind the expected benefit of the planned activities. Accident: An inadvert
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Performance improvement is a common target for all poultry producers worldwide. In order to reach this target, the production process needs to be reviewed in detail,
Continue readingSMALL ANIM
Surgery • Trauma (vehicular, firearm, fights) • Neoplasia • Topical medications • Infection • Chemicals • Excessive temperatures • Irradiation
Continue readingInfectious
The most complete reference on infectious viral, bacterial, and fungal diseases in wild birds Emphasis on disease processes, epidemiology, and recognition Offers pers
Continue readingCommon Goa
Common in young kids. Flourish in pens with manure buildup. Cause: Coccidia parasites Eradication is difficult once the facilities are infected. Signs – diarrhea,
Continue readingA Brief Gu
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Continue readingDAIRY CATT
A. On a commercial scale, necessary to separate newborn calves form their dams as soon as possible. Essentially, no space for calves in milking system/facilities! B. F
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Continue readingArbor Acre
Its highly competitive position. Hatcheries, whose main business is to sell day old chicks, can profit from a high number of saleable chicks produced by the parent sto
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Keep animals’ sheds clean. There should not be any holes/cracks in the walls or roofs of the sheds, where these external parasites can hide or lay eggs. Spread li
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Feeding trace minerals optimizes the integrity of the hoof, mammary gland, gut and skin. Since Novus manufactures the ligand in MINTREX, the product is fully defin
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Nucleotide Sequence and Phylogenetic analysis of 2018 recent cases was performed at HVRI, Harbin China All the 14 CAV VP2 sequences showed 99% nucleotide identity fo
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Pathological and hematological findings: Birds were severely anemic, dehydrated, emaciated and had ruffled feathers. Feed intake of these birds was decreased. The comb
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Avian reoviruses are ubiquitous among poultry flocks. Although infection is usually present without disease, reoviruses may occasionally be involved in several disease
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This vaccination program is just a guideline & not an assurance for protection from the diseases Please consult local Vet./consultant to modify the vaccination program a
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The major economic losses in poultry industry are incurred by mortality, production losses, carcass condemnation because of infectious diseases caused by different vir
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Adenoviruses are common infectious agents of poultry. The avian adenoviruses are divided into three groups i.e. group ?, group ? and group III. Group ? is composed of
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Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious respiratory problem characterized by respiratory, digestive, reproductive and renal infections in domestic poultry and
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Avian influenza virus comprises a major proportion of respiratory diseases and high mortality resulting in huge economic losses to the poultry industry in Pakistan. Haema
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Avian viral problems have been consistently reported in commercial poultry of Pakistan causing heavy economic losses to the poultry farmers. Authentic idenfication and c
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This report presents an overview of HPAI disease events (in poultry and non-poultry including wild birds) reported to the OIE’s early warning system (immediate notifica
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1 Ottoman Pharma (Immuno Division), Raiwind Road Lahore-Pakistan 2. Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore-Pakistan 3. Grandparent Diagn
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S1 gene-based phylogeny of infectious bronchitis virus: An attempt to harmonize virus classification Viviana Valastro a,b,?, Edward C. Holmes c, Paul Brittond, Alice Fu
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Introduction to R How to check if R is installed on a Windows PC Finding out what is the latest version of R Installing R on a Windows PC How to install R on non-Wind
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Most farmers will recognize the challenges of silage management during feed out: Heating of silage largely due to the growth of yeast and mold is particularly problematic
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BioBon Comprehensive protection for animals Selectively adsorbing mycotoxins only Mycotoxin risk solution
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CPhI China-APIs, Intermediates & Fine Chemicals.
Continue readingGlossinida
Also known as tik-tik flies. Having size of 6–15mm in length. ? They occur only in tropical Africa and are important as vectors of African trypanosomiasis(protozoa)
Continue readingGastrophil
The house fly, Musca domestica Linnaeus, is a well-known cosmopolitan pest of both farm and home. This species is always found in association with humans or the activit
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This common fly originated on the steppes of central Asia, but now occurs on all inhabited continents, in all climates from tropical to temperate, and in a variety of e
Continue readingMuscidae
This common fly originated on the steppes of central Asia, but now occurs on all inhabited continents, in all climates from tropical to temperate, and in a variety of e
Continue readingMuscidae
This common fly originated on the steppes of central Asia, but now occurs on all inhabited continents, in all climates from tropical to temperate, and in a variety of e
Continue readingMuscidae
This common fly originated on the steppes of central Asia, but now occurs on all inhabited continents, in all climates from tropical to temperate, and in a variety of e
Continue readingMuscidae
This common fly originated on the steppes of central Asia, but now occurs on all inhabited continents, in all climates from tropical to temperate, and in a variety of e
Continue readingCalliphori
Insiduous, tender boils central punctum Serosanguinous discharge posterior end of the larva, Spiracles visible in punctum Lymphangitis , regional LAN
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They are commonly known as bot flies, warble flies, heel flies, gadflies. The word "bot" means a maggot. A warble is a skin lump or callus which is caused by the pres
Continue readingHypodermat
The traditional method for detection of hypodermosis is based on palpation method. Generally, the bovine hypodermosis is diagnosed by the inspection of nodules in infes
Continue readingCuterebrid
Specimens collected in this study were similar to C. austeni; nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge there are no keys for identifying adults or larvae of Neotrop
Continue readingHippobosci
In total, 17 Hippoboscidae specimens were collected from 11 individual birds belonging to seven different bird species (Table II). They belong to three species of Orni
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As a result of these “multiple host” feeding strategies, both ixodid and argasid ticks have several opportunities to feed on a host infected with some type of pathog
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The edees of the ears are often lint affected, and on ruhGing a scratch rcflex is readily elicited. There is always intense itching, so that in caacs of dermatitis ;h
Continue readingDemodicida
The edees of the ears are often lint affected, and on ruhGing a scratch rcflex is readily elicited. There is always intense itching, so that in caacs of dermatitis ;h
Continue readingSarcoptida
Provide a brief review of the general phylogeny, taxonomy, biology and pathology of the two mites with emphasis on Sarcoptes scabiei. Disease effects on hosts at an i
Continue readingPsoroptida
Psoroptic mange has apparently been eradicated from domestic sheep in North America, but it is still a persistent problem for some wildlife populations. In the San An
Continue readingCheylotoda
infestation of body tissues of humans and animals by the larvae (maggots) of Diptera Frederich William Hope (1840) DERMAL / SUB-DERMAL • CUTANEOUS Creeping Furun
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Chicken mites are distributed worldwide. In many countries, Dermanyssus gallinae poses a threat to birds used for meat and egg production. They are found in many ar
Continue readingNeospora
Neosporosis is a worldwide disease of dogs that can cause neurologic signs and muscle inflammation. It also causes reproductive failure in cattle. Earlier misclassifi
Continue readingEperythroz
Veterinarians in Ontario should consider anthrax as a differential diagnosis for cattle that die acutely, if a very large spleen with soft liquified parenchyma is foun
Continue readingEhrlichia
Small gram negative, obligate, intracellular parasites These are tiny organisms measuring 0.2-2.4micromtrs. Which have affinity towards WBC particularly mononucslear
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In the process of revision of the WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, the need for a fundamental change in the guidelines for microbial safety has been identified
Continue readingAnaplasma
An actively motile organism, up to 300/&mw, hose pellicle possesses rows of longitudinally arranged cilia (Fig. 146). At the anterior end (here is a funnel-shaped depr
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Theileriosis are those tick-borne protozoan diseases associated with Theileria spp. In Sudan, most cases of Bovine theileriosis are caused by Th. annulata (tropical o
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Babesia are tick-transmitted protozoan hemoparasites, of great economic, veterinary and medical impact worldwide. They are considered to be the second most commonly fou
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A protozoan parasite of avian erythrocytes transmitted by the 'blackfly' Simulium spp. Infection causes the disease leucocytozoonosis. The parasites were first see
Continue readingPlasmodium
P vivax ( benign tertian malaria ) – low death rate P falciparum ( malignant tertian malaria / falciparum / pernicious malaria) - high D .R P malariae ( quartan mal
Continue readingSarcocysti
Gk : “Muia” – Fly ; Scot: ‘Boateig’ – Maggot ; Blow – to deposit ; Screw – spinous horny projections • infestation of body tissues of humans and anim
Continue readingToxoplasma
Toxoplasma gondii is a coccidian, ubiquitous, and an obligate intracellular parasite where felids are the definitive hosts with complex life cycles. There are three inf
Continue readingIsospora
Immature, unpopulated oocyst is excreted through feces. Sporoblast divides into two Each sporoblast develops into a sporocyst with 4 sporozoites, resulting in mature
Continue readingEimeria
Coccidiosis is the term used to describe an enteric disease caused by infection with one or more species of Eimeria and has a high economic impact on the poultry indust
Continue readingBalantidiu
This organism has two stages, trophozoite and cyst. Trophozoite, is the largest of the protozoa parasitizing human (300 um), it is shape like a sac, balantidium means
Continue readingGiardia
Travel in the developing world Changing diapers Eating food without cooking it Owning a dog
Continue readingEntamoeba
Diagnosis is confirmed by microscopic examination for trophozoites or cysts in fresh or suitably preserved faecal specimens, smears of aspirates or scrapings obtained by
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Clinical types of cutaneous leishmaniasis • Leishmania major: Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis: wet lesions with severe reaction • Leishmania tropica: Anthropolog
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Parasites mainly of flies •No undulating membrane •Flagellum runs the length of the body before exiting •Paramastigote –Kinetoplast and kinetosome by the nucl
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To know the basic cytology and characteristics of protozoa. Understand their importance in the ecology of water treatment and significance as pathogens in water sup
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Understand the Protozoa Know about the characteristics of Protozoa Know about the Morphology of Protozoa Know about the Types of Protozoa Know about the Methods of
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Technically speaking a parasite has two characteristics: • Part of its life cycle must be spent within a host body; and • It requires sustenance from the host in
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Management strategies include : • reduce stocking rates • use of clean grazing • rotational grazing • mixed/alternate grazing
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Grazing management strategies • Genetic selection • Biological control & Pasture ecology • Vaccines • Dietary control – alternative forages
Continue readingParasitic
Antibodies Complement system Lymphatic system Spleen Bone marrow Thymus
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WHATISIMMUNITY Immunity (Synonyms with resistance) Is the capability of multicellular organisms to resist harmful microorganisms from entering it. Immune System the
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Relationships Between Parasite and Host Can Vary: Like a “Hit and Run” parasites live on or in the host for a brief period of time then must move on, they may
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Interactions of Symbionts • The 4 types of associations that have been identified are: 1. Phoresis 2. commensalism 3. Mutualism 4. parasitism
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The 4 types of associations that have been identified are: 1. Phoresis 2. commensalism 3. Mutualism 4. parasitism
Continue readingVeterinary
Attempt to feed/oviposit » Stamping » Head shaking » Skin twitching » Tail switiching » Scratching
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Importance of Arthropods • Swords and lances, arrows, machine gunsand even high explosives have had far less power over the fates on nations than thetyphus louse, the
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Science that deals with organisms that takes up their abode temporarily or permanently for the purpose of procuring food and the relationship of this organism to the hos
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Laboratory biosafety and biosecurity activities are fundamental to protecting the laboratory workforce and the wider community against unintentional exposures or releas
Continue readingLABORATORY
Laboratory biosafety and biosecurity activities are fundamental to protecting the laboratory workforce and the wider community against unintentional exposures or releas
Continue readingLABORATORY
Laboratory biosafety and biosecurity activities are fundamental to protecting the laboratory workforce and the wider community against unintentional exposures or releas
Continue readingIntroducti
Parasitology -Science that deals with organisms that takes up their abode temporarily or permanently for the purpose of procuring food and the relationship of this organi
Continue readingIntroducti
science that deals with organisms that takes up their abode temporarily or permanently for the purpose of procuring food and the relationship of this organism to the hos
Continue readingArthropods
General Characteristics of All Arthropods ? All have exoskeletons for support and protection? All have jointed appendages ? Body regions include: a head, thorax, and a
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Describe systemic states induced by various disease processes/condition in animal’s body. 2. Explain clinical manifestations and principles of treatment infectious and
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http://jassaraftab.com/letter-to-chairman-pba-regarding-packaged-milk-
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Birds infected with avian encephalomyelitis, through vertical transmission within the egg, may develop neurologic signs 1-2 weeks after hatch. Signs may include progressi
Continue readingAvian Ence
Birds infected with avian encephalomyelitis, through vertical transmission within the egg, may develop neurologic signs 1-2 weeks after hatch. Signs may include progressi
Continue readingAvian Ence
Birds infected with avian encephalomyelitis, through vertical transmission within the egg, may develop neurologic signs 1-2 weeks after hatch. Signs may include progressi
Continue readingLivestock
FIRST REAL TIME (DOOR TO DOOR) LIVESTOCK CENSUS
Continue readingLivestock
FIRST REAL TIME (DOOR TO DOOR) LIVESTOCK CENSUS
Continue readingDeworming
Deworming with an oral prescription dewormer, such as pyrantel palmoate or fenbendazole, should take place every two weeks starting at three weeks of age. Once a puppy re
Continue readingAllergic P
Allergic Pneumonitis in Small Animals Etiology: Allergic pneumonitis is an acute or chronic hypersensitivity reaction of the lungs and small airways. An underlying
Continue readingPneumonia
Pneumonia in Small Animals. Pneumonia is an acute or chronic inflammation of the lungs and bronchi characterized by disturbance in respiration and hypoxemia and complicat
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